Impedansi karakteristik adalah untuk sinyal AC (atau sinyal frekuensi-tinggi). Impedansi karakteristik adalah konsep dalam transmisi saluran-panjang. Selama proses transmisi sinyal di saluran transmisi, pada titik di mana sinyal tiba, saluran transmisi dan bidang referensi akan bertemu. Medan listrik terbentuk, dan karena adanya medan listrik, arus kecil sesaat dihasilkan, dan arus kecil ini ada di setiap titik di saluran transmisi. Pada saat yang sama, sinyal juga memiliki tegangan tertentu, sehingga dalam proses transmisi sinyal, setiap titik saluran transmisi akan setara dengan resistansi, dan resistansi ini adalah karakteristik impedansi saluran transmisi yang kami sebutkan.
The continuity of the characteristic impedance (ρ) basically depends on the stability of the ratio of the distribution parameters L{{0}} and C0. We all know Ohm's law: U=RI, where R is the resistance or resistance load, in ohms (Ω). Resistance is related to the resistivity (also known as conductivity) of metal materials, but in the process of high-frequency signal transmission, we also need to understand the transmission of the physical medium (such as twisted pair, coaxial wire, waveguide) that transmits high-frequency signals characteristics, which are different from low-frequency signals, this transmission characteristic is related to the conductive material of the transmission medium (such as copper or silver), conductivity (resistivity), geometry (most commonly cylindrical), distributed inductance (L0), distributed capacitance (C0), insulating material (dielectric constant), etc. are all related, but the influence of these distribution parameters and the dielectric constant of insulating material is often not considered during low-frequency signal transmission.
